Rheumatic fever echocardiography and ultrasound
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]
Overview
Echocardiography may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of carditis and monitoring the progress of valve defects present in rheumatic fever.
Echocardiography/Ultrasound
Echocardiography
Echocardiography may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of carditis. Valvular involvement resulting in stenosis or regurgitation of mitral or aortic valve can be detected by echocardiogram more accurately than cardiac auscultation, along with quantifying the degree of insufficiency and ventricular dysfunction.[1][2][3][4] Mitral regurgitation can result in left atrial enlargement. In patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease, echocardiogram helps in tracking the progression of valve stenosis and may help in determining the time for surgical intervention. Increased echodensity of the mitral valve may signify calcification.
To diagnose mitral valve prolapse, the following criteria should be fulfilled:
- Movement of any part of either leaflet more than 2mm behind the annular plane in parasternal long axis view
- Movement of point of coaptation behind the annular plane in apical 4 chamber view
References
- ↑ Marijon E, Ou P, Celermajer DS, Ferreira B, Mocumbi AO, Jani D; et al. (2007). "Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiographic screening". N Engl J Med. 357 (5): 470–6. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa065085. PMID 17671255.
- ↑ Bhaya M, Panwar S, Beniwal R, Panwar RB (2010). "High prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiography in school children". Echocardiography. 27 (4): 448–53. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01055.x. PMID 20345448.
- ↑ Sadiq M, Islam K, Abid R, Latif F, Rehman AU, Waheed A; et al. (2009). "Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in school children of urban Lahore". Heart. 95 (5): 353–7. doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.143982. PMID 18952636.
- ↑ Carapetis JR, Hardy M, Fakakovikaetau T, Taib R, Wilkinson L, Penny DJ; et al. (2008). "Evaluation of a screening protocol using auscultation and portable echocardiography to detect asymptomatic rheumatic heart disease in Tongan schoolchildren". Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 5 (7): 411–7. doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1185. PMID 18398402.