Rheumatic fever differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]
Overview
Rheumatic fever must be differentiated from other diseases that cause fever, skin rash, nausea and fatigue, such as typhoid fever, malaria, lassa fever, ebola, and scarlet fever.
Differentiating Rheumatic Fever from Other Diseases
Mitral stenosis must be differentiated from the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]
Diseases | History | Symptoms | Physical Examination | Murmur | Diagnosis | Other Findings | |||
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ECG | CXR | Echocardiogram | Cardiac Catheterization | ||||||
Mitral Stenosis |
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Right heart catheterization:
Left heart catheterization:
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Mitral Regurgitation |
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Palpation
Auscultation
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Acute MR
Chronic MR
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Atrial septal defect |
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Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
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Left Atrial Myxoma |
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Skin
Auscultation:
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Rare findings:
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Prosthetic Valve Obstruction |
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Ausculation
Muffling of murmur |
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Causes:
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Cor Triatriatum |
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Auscultation
Other findings
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Non specific but may have
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Types
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Congenital Mitral Stenosis |
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Infants:
Older patients:
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Auscultation
Other findings
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Mild-Moderate
Severe
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Very rare condition | |
Supravalvular Ring Mitral Stenosis |
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Auscultation:
Lungs: Fine, crepitant rales and rhonchi or wheezes may be present Heart: Murmur |
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|
Supramitral ring:
Intramitral ring:
(Difficult to visualize membrane <1mm in size) |
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Types
It is attached between the opening of the atrial appendage and the mitral annulus which helps in differentiating with Cor triatriatum sinister.
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References
- ↑ Nassar PN, Hamdan RH (2011). "Cor Triatriatum Sinistrum: Classification and Imaging Modalities". Eur J Cardiovasc Med. 1 (3): 84–87. doi:10.5083/ejcm.20424884.21. PMC 3286827. PMID 22379596.
- ↑ Roudaut R, Serri K, Lafitte S (2007). "Thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves: diagnosis and therapeutic considerations". Heart. 93 (1): 137–42. doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.071183. PMC 1861363. PMID 17170355.
- ↑ Apostolakis EE, Baikoussis NG (2009). "Methods of estimation of mitral valve regurgitation for the cardiac surgeon". J Cardiothorac Surg. 4: 34. doi:10.1186/1749-8090-4-34. PMC 2723095. PMID 19604402.
- ↑ Alboliras ET, Edwards WD, Driscoll DJ, Seward JB (1987). "Cor triatriatum dexter: two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis". J Am Coll Cardiol. 9 (2): 334–7. PMID 3805524.
- ↑ Gibson DG, Honey M, Lennox SC (1974). "Cor triatriatum. Diagnosis by echocardiography". Br Heart J. 36 (8): 835–8. PMC 458901. PMID 4412638.
- ↑ Cor triatrium https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cor-triatriatum (2016) Accessed on November 29, 2016
- ↑ Sosland RP, Vacek JL, Gorton ME (2007). "Congenital mitral stenosis: a rare presentation and novel approach to management". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 133 (2): 572–3. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.10.025. PMID 17258606.
- ↑ Driscoll DJ, Gutgesell HP, McNamara DG (1978). "Echocardiographic features of congenital mitral stenosis". Am J Cardiol. 42 (2): 259–66. PMID 685838.
- ↑ Bonou M, Lampropoulos K, Barbetseas J (2012). "Prosthetic heart valve obstruction: thrombolysis or surgical treatment?". Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 1 (2): 122–7. doi:10.1177/2048872612451169. PMC 3760527. PMID 24062899.
- ↑ Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO (2010). "Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 85 (5): 483–500. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0706. PMC 2861980. PMID 20435842.
- ↑ DEXTER L (1956). "Atrial septal defect". Br Heart J. 18 (2): 209–25. PMC 479579. PMID 13315850.
- ↑ Webb G, Gatzoulis MA (2006). "Atrial septal defects in the adult: recent progress and overview". Circulation. 114 (15): 1645–53. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592055. PMID 17030704.
- ↑ Geva T, Martins JD, Wald RM (2014). "Atrial septal defects". Lancet. 383 (9932): 1921–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62145-5. PMID 24725467.
- ↑ Demir M, Akpinar O, Acarturk E (2005). "Atrial myxoma: an unusual cause of myocardial infarction". Tex Heart Inst J. 32 (3): 445–7. PMC 1336732. PMID 16392241.
- ↑ MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC; et al. (1993). "Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management". Ir J Med Sci. 162 (6): 223–6. PMID 8407260.
- ↑ Circulation http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/119/7/1034 (2016) Accessed on December 7, 2016
- ↑ Alphonso N, Nørgaard MA, Newcomb A, d'Udekem Y, Brizard CP, Cochrane A (2005). "Cor triatriatum: presentation, diagnosis and long-term surgical results". Ann Thorac Surg. 80 (5): 1666–71. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.04.055. PMID 16242436.
- ↑ circulation http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/36/1/101 (1967) Accessed on 7 December, 2016
- ↑ Moore P, Adatia I, Spevak PJ, Keane JF, Perry SB, Castaneda AR; et al. (1994). "Severe congenital mitral stenosis in infants". Circulation. 89 (5): 2099–106. PMID 8181134.
- ↑ Uva MS, Galletti L, Gayet FL, Piot D, Serraf A, Bruniaux J; et al. (1995). "Surgery for congenital mitral valve disease in the first year of life". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 109 (1): 164–74, discussion 174-6. doi:10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70432-9. PMID 7815793.
- ↑ Banerjee A, Kohl T, Silverman NH (1995). "Echocardiographic evaluation of congenital mitral valve anomalies in children". Am J Cardiol. 76 (17): 1284–91. PMID 7503011.
- ↑ Sullivan ID, Robinson PJ, de Leval M, Graham TP (1986). "Membranous supravalvular mitral stenosis: a treatable form of congenital heart disease". J Am Coll Cardiol. 8 (1): 159–64. PMID 3711511.
- ↑ Subramaniam V, Herle A, Mohammed N, Thahir M (2011). "Ortner's syndrome: case series and literature review". Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 77 (5): 559–62. PMID 22030961.