Epidural hematoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of epidural hematoma is Head trauma. Other risk factors include: Spinal trauma, Bleeding disorders, anticoagulant drugs usage, blood vessel malformation, CNS surgery, Lumbar acupunctures ,spinal injections, Metastatic cancer, sickle cell anemiaand kummell's disease.
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of epidural hematoma is Head trauma[1][2]. Other risk factors include: Spinal trauma[3], bleeding disorders[4], anticoagulant drugs usage[5], blood vessel malformation[6], CNS surgery[7], Lumbar acupunctures[8] ,spinal injections[9][10], Metastatic cancer[11], sickle cell anemia[12][13] and kummell's disease[14].
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of epidural hematoma may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
- Common risk factors in the development of epidural hematoma include:
- Head trauma[1][2]
- Spinal trauma[3]
- Bleeding disorders[4]
- Anticoagulant drugs usage[5]
- Blood vessel malformation[6]
- CNS surgery[7]
- Lumbar acupunctures[8]
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of epidural hematoma include:
- Spinal injections[9][10]
- Metastatic cancer[11]
- Sickle cell anemia[12][13]
- Kummell's disease[14]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mitsuyama T, Ide M, Kawamura H (2004). "Acute epidural hematoma caused by contrecoup head injury--case report". Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 44 (11): 584–6. PMID 15686177.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Maugeri R, Anderson DG, Graziano F, Meccio F, Visocchi M, Iacopino DG (2015). "Conservative vs. Surgical Management of Post-Traumatic Epidural Hematoma: A Case and Review of Literature". Am J Case Rep. 16: 811–7. PMC 4652627. PMID 26567227.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Foo D, Rossier AB (1982). "Post-traumatic spinal epidural hematoma". Neurosurgery. 11 (1 Pt 1): 25–32. PMID 7110563.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Morsing IE, Brons P, Th Draaisma JM, van Lindert EJ, Erasmus CE (2009). "Hemophilia a and spinal epidural hematoma in children". Neuropediatrics. 40 (5): 245–8. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1248247. PMID 20221963.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tawk C, El Hajj Moussa M, Zgheib R, Nohra G (2015). "Spontaneous epidural hematoma of the spine associated with oral anticoagulants: 3 Case Studies". Int J Surg Case Rep. 13: 8–11. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.05.022. PMC 4529632. PMID 26074484.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Paraskevopoulos D, Magras I, Polyzoidis K (2013). "Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma secondary to extradural arteriovenous malformation in a child: a case-based update". Childs Nerv Syst. 29 (11): 1985–91. doi:10.1007/s00381-013-2214-5. PMID 23812629.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kim B, Moon SH, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Lee HM (2010). "Delayed Spinal Epidural Hematoma after En Block Spondylectomy for Vertebral Ewing's Sarcoma". Asian Spine J. 4 (2): 118–22. doi:10.4184/asj.2010.4.2.118. PMC 2996623. PMID 21165315.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Chen CY, Liu GC, Sheu RS, Huang CL (1997). "Bacterial meningitis and lumbar epidural hematoma due to lumbar acupunctures: a case report". Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 13 (5): 328–31. PMID 9226976.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rosen DA, Hawkinberry DW, Rosen KR, Gustafson RA, Hogg JP, Broadman LM (2004). "An epidural hematoma in an adolescent patient after cardiac surgery". Anesth Analg. 98 (4): 966–9, table of contents. PMID 15041581.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bang J, Kim JU, Lee YM, Joh J, An EH, Lee JY; et al. (2011). "Spinal epidural hematoma related to an epidural catheter in a cardiac surgery patient -A case report-". Korean J Anesthesiol. 61 (6): 524–7. doi:10.4097/kjae.2011.61.6.524. PMC 3249578. PMID 22220233.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Simmons NE, Elias WJ, Henson SL, Laws ER (1999). "Small cell lung carcinoma causing epidural hematoma: case report". Surg Neurol. 51 (1): 56–9. PMID 9952124.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Babatola BO, Salman YA, Abiola AM, Okezie KO, Oladele AS (2012). "Spontaneous epidural haematoma in sickle cell anaemia: case report and literature review". J Surg Tech Case Rep. 4 (2): 135–7. doi:10.4103/2006-8808.110271. PMC 3673360. PMID 23741596.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Yogarajah M, Agu CC, Sivasambu B, Mittler MA (2015). "HbSC Disease and Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma with Kernohan's Notch Phenomena". Case Rep Hematol. 2015: 470873. doi:10.1155/2015/470873. PMC 4631867. PMID 26576305.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kim HS, Lee SK, Kim SW, Shin H (2011). "Chronic Spinal Epidural Hematoma Related to Kummell's Disease". J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 49 (4): 231–3. doi:10.3340/jkns.2011.49.4.231. PMC 3098428. PMID 21607183.